Diversity

Tree of Life

Chlorarachniophyta
http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Chlorarachniophytes&contgroup=The_Other_Protists

Cyanobacteria

Schopf, J. W. & Packer, B. M. Early Archean (3.3 billion to 3.5 billion-year-old) microfossils from Warrawoona Group, Australia. Science 237, 70–73 (1987)

MICHAEL M. TICE AND DONALD R. LOWE (2004) Photosynthetic microbial mats in the 3,416-Myr-old ocean. Nature 431, 549 - 552 (30 September 2004)

 Trichodesmium

Capone et al. 2000

Zehr et al. 2001

Photosynthetic Picoplankton: Community structure

Bienfang P. K. (1985) Size structure and sinking rates of various microparticulate constituents in oligotrophic Hawaiian waters. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 23, 143-151.

Buck K. R., Chavez F. P. and Campbell L. (1996) Basin-wide distributions of living carbon components and the inverted trophic pyramid of the central gyre of the north Atlantic Ocean, summer 1993. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 10, 283-298.

Campbell L. and Vaulot D. (1993) Photosynthetic picoplankton community structure in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean near Hawaii (station ALOHA). Deep-Sea Research, 40, 2043-2060.

Campbell L., Nolla H. A. and Vaulot D. (1994) The importance of Prochlorococcus to community structure in the central North Pacific Ocean. Limnology and Oceanography, 39, 954-961.

Campbell L., Liu H., Nolla H. A. and Vaulot D. (1997) Annual variability of phytoplankton and bacteria in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean at Station ALOHA. Deep-Sea Research, 44, 167-192.

Fogg G. E. (1986) Picoplankton. Proceedings of the Royal Society (London), B 228, 1-30.

Harrison W. G. and Wood L. J. E. (1988) Inorganic nitrogen uptake by marine picoplankton: evidence for size partitioning. Limnology and Oceanography, 33, 468-475.

Joint I. R. and Pomroy A. J. (1983) Production of picoplankton and small nanoplankton in the Celtic Sea. Marine Biology, 77, 19-27.

Kerr R. A. (1983) Are the ocean's deserts blooming? Science, 220, 397-398.

Kerr R. A. (1986) The ocean's deserts are blooming. Science, 232, 1345.

Li W. K. W., Subba Rao D. V., Harrison W. G., Smith J. C., Cullen J. J., Irwin B. and Platt T. (1983) Autotrophic picoplankton in the tropical ocean. Science, 219, 292-295.

Malone T. C., Ducklow H. W., Peele E. R. and Pike S. E. (1990) Picoplankton carbon flux in Chesapeake Bay. Marine Ecology Progress Series.

Murphy L. S. and Haugen E. M. (1985) The distribution and abundance of phototrophic ultraplankton in the North Atlantic. Limnology and Oceanography, 30, 47-58.

Partensky F., Blanchot J. and Vaulot D. (1998) Differential distribution and ecology of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus in oeanic waters: a review. In: Marine Cyanobacteria, L. Charpy and A. W. D. Larkum, editors, Paris.

Partensky F., Hess W. R. and Vaulot D. (1999) Prochlorococcus, a marine photosynthetic prokaryote of global significance. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 63, 106-.

Platt T. and Li W. K., editors (1986) Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 214: Photosynthetic Picoplankton, 583 pp.

Platt T., Subba Rao D. V. and Irwin B. (1983) Photosynthesis of picoplankton in the oligotrophic ocean. Nature, 301, 702-704.

Stockner J. G. (1988) Phototrophic picoplankton: an overview from marine and freshwater ecosystems. Limnology and Oceanography, 33, 765-775.

Stockner J. G., Klut M. E. and Cochlan W. P. (1990) Leaky filters: a warning to aquatic ecologists. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 47, 16-23.

Taguchi S. and Laws E. A. (1988) On the particles which pass though glass fiber filter type GF/F in coastal and open waters. Journal of Plankton Research, 10, 999-1008.

Takahashi M. and Hori T. (1984) Abundance of picophytoplankton in the subsurface chlorophyll maximum layer in subtropical and tropical waters. Marine Biology, 79, 177-186.

Veldhuis M. J. W. and Kraay G. W. (1993) Cell abundance and fluorescence of picoplankton in relation to growth irradiance and nitrogen availability in the Red Sea. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research, 31, 135-145.

Weisse T. (1993) Dynamics of autotrophic picoplankton in marine and freshwater ecosystems. In: Advances in Microbial Ecology, Vol. 13, J. G. Jones, editor, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 327-370.

Zubkov M. V., Sleigh M. A., Tarran G. A., Burkill P. H. and Leakey R. J. G. (1998) Picoplanktonic community structure on an Atlantic transect from 50 degrees N to 50 degrees S. Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers, 45, 1339-1355.

Phylogeny

Doolittle W. F. (1998) A paradigm gets shifty. News and Views. Nature, 392, 15-16.

Doolittle W.F. (1999) Phylogenetic classification and the Universal Tree. Nature, 284, 2124-2128.

Giovannoni S. J., Wood N. and Huss V. A. R. (1993) Molecular phylogeny of oxygenic phototrophic cells and organelles from small-subunit ribosomal RNA sequences. In: Origins of Plastids, R. A. Lewin, editor, Chapman & Hall, New York, pp. 159-170.

Methods: Epifluorescence microscopy and Flow cytometry

Hobbie J. E., Daley R. J. and Jasper S. (1977) Use of Nuclepore filters for counting bacteria by fluorescence microscopy. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 33, 1225-1228.

Booth B. C. (1987) The use of autofluorescence for analyzing oceanic phytoplankton communities. Botanica Marina, 30, 101-108.

Chisholm S. W., Armbrust E. V. and Olson R. J. (1986) The individual cell in phytoplankton ecology: cell cycles and applications of flow cytometry. In: Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 214: Photosynthetic Picoplankton, T. Platt and W.K.W. Li (eds), pp. 343-369.

Olson R. J., Zettler E. R., Chisholm S. W. and Dusenberry J. A. (1991) Advances in oceanography through flow cytometry. In: NATO ASI Series G, Ecological Sciences, Vol. 27, S. Demers, editor, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 351-399.

Prochlorococcus

Chisholm S. W., Olson R. J., Zettler E. R., Goericke R., Waterbury J. B. and Welschmeyer N. A. (1988) A novel free-living prochlorophyte abundant in the oceanic euphotic zone. Nature, 334, 340-343.

Hess W. R., Partensky F., Van Der Staay G. W. M., Garcia-Fernandez J. M., B"rner T. and Vaulot D. (1996) Coexistence of phycoerythrin and a chlorophyll a/b antenna in a marine prokaryote. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 93, 11126-11130.

Neveux J., Vaulot D., Courties C. and Fukai E. (1989) Green photosynthetic bacteria associated with the deep chlorophyll maximum of the Sargasso Sea. Comptes Rendus de l'Acad‚mie des Sciences de Paris (III), 308, 9-14.

Olson R. J., Zettler E. R., Lewitus A., Chisholm S. W., Armbrust E. V., Gerath M. and Sosik H. (1987) Abundant red-fluorescing picoplankton in the deep waters of the North Atlantic: flow cytometric analysis. Eos, 68, 99. (Abstract)

Olson R. J., Chisholm S. W., Zettler E. R., Altabet M. A. and Dusenberry J. A. (1990) Spatial and temporal distributions of prochlorophyte picoplankton in the North Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Research, 37, 1033-1051.

Vaulot D., Partensky F., Neveux J., Mantoura R. F. C. and Llewellyn C. (1990) Winter presence of prochlorophytes in surface waters of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Limnology and Oceanography, 35, 1156-1164.

Synechococcus

Cuhel R. L. and Waterbury J. B. (1984) Biochemical composition and short term nutrient incorporation patterns in a unicellular marine cyanobacterium, Synechococcus (WH7803). Limnology and Oceanography, 29, 370-374.

Rippka R., Deruelles J., Waterbury J. B., Herdman M. and Stanier R. Y. (1979) Generic assignments, strain histories and properties of pure cultures of cyanobacteria. Journal of General Microbiology, 111, 1-61.

Wood A. M. (1985) Adaptation of photosynthetic apparatus of marine ultraphytoplankton to natural light fields. Nature, 316, 253-255.

Wyman M., Gregory R. P. F. and Carr N. G. (1986) Role of phycoerythrin in marine picoplankton Synechococcus spp. Science, 234, 1422-1424.

Waterbury J. B., Watson S. W., Guillard R. R. L. and Brand L. E. (1979) Wide-spread occurence of a unicellular, marine planktonic, cyanobacterium. Nature, London, 277, 293-294.

Waterbury J. B., Watson S. W., Valois F. W. and Franks D. G. (1986) Biological and ecological characterization of the marine unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus. In: Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 214: Photosynthetic Picoplankton, T. Platt and W. K. Li, editors,,, pp. 71-120.

Pico-eukaryotes

Johnson P. W. and Sieburth J. M. (1982) In-situ morphology and occurrence of eucaryotic phototrophs of bacterial size in the picoplankton of estuarine and oceanic waters. Journal of Phycology, 18, 318-327.

Davis P. G., Caron D. A., Johnson P. W. and Sieburth J. M. (1985) Phototrophic and apochlorotic components of picoplankon and nanoplankton in the North Atlantic: geographic, vertical, seasonal and diel distributions. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 21, 15-26.

Haptophyta

Winter & Siesser, editors (1994) Coccolithophores. Cambridge University Press

Ochrophyta (Heterokontophyta)

Anderson, R.A, Saunders, G.W., Paskind, M.P., et al. 1993. Ultrastructure and 18S ribosomal-RNA gene sequence for Pelagomonas calceolata gen et sp - nov and the description of a new algal class, the Pelagophyceae classis nov. Journal of Phycology, 29 (5), 701-715.

Booth B. C. and Marchant H. J. (1987) Parmales, a new order of marine chrysophytes, with descriptions of 3 new genera and 7 new species. Journal of Phycology, 23, 245-260.

Daugbjerg N. and Andersen R. A. (1997) Phylogenetic analyses of the rbcL sequences from haptophytes and heterokont algae suggest their chloroplasts are unrelated. Molecular Biology and Evolution,14, 1242-1251.

DeYoe H. R., Stockwell D. A., Bidigare R. R., Latasa M., Johnson P. W., Hargraves P. E. and Suttle C. A. (1997) Description and characterization of the algal species Aureoumbra lagunensis gen. et sp. nov. and referral of Aureoumbra and Aureococcus to the Pelagophyceae. Journal of Phycology, 33, 1042-1048.

Saunders GW, Potter D, Andersen R.A. (1997) Phylogenetic affinities of the Sarcinochrysidales and Chrysomeridales (Heterokonta) based on analyses of molecular and combined data. Journal of Phycology 33 (2), 310-318.

Saunders G. W., Potter D., Paskind M. P. and Andersen R. A. (1995) Cladistic analyses of combined traditional and molecular data sets reveal an algal lineage. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 92, 244-248.

Medlin LK, Kooistra WHCF, Potter D, et al. 1997. Phylogenetic relationships of the 'golden algae' (haptophytes, heterokont chromophytes) and their plastids. Plant Syst. Evol. 187-219 Suppl. 11.

Heterokontophyta images: http://www.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/~inouye/ino/st/st_menu.html

Heterosigma

http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/hab/anatomy.htm

  Diatoms:

van den Hoek et al. 1997 Algae: An Introduction

Werner, D. 1977: The Biology of Diatoms. Botanical Monographs Volume 13, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 498pp.

Tomas et al. 1996: Identifying Marine Phytoplankton. New York, 598pp.

Dinoflagellates:

Taylor F.J.R 1987. The Biology of Dinoflagellates. Botanical Monographs. Vol 21. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. 785 pp.

Steidinger & Menta-Penta

Chlorophytes

Archibald, J.M. 2006. Genome complexity in a lean, mean photosynthetic machine. PNAS 103 (31) 11433-11434.

Derelle E, Ferraz C, Rombauts S, et al. 2006. Genome analysis of the smallest free-living eukaryote Ostreococcus tauri unveils many unique features. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 103 (31): 11647-11652.

Physiology:

MacIntyre & Cullen (2005) Ch. 19. 19. Using Cultures to investigate the physiological ecology of microalgae. In. Algal Culturing Techniques.

Plankton Biomass

Bidigare, RR. 2005. Ch. 20. 20. Analysis of Algal Pigments by high performance liquid chromatography In: Algal Culturing Techniques

Jeffrey S. W., Mantoura R. F. C. and Wright S. W., editors (1997) Phytoplankton pigments in oceanography. Monographs on oceanographic methodology, UNESCO Publishing, Paris, 661 pp;

Falkowski &Raven, Ch. 1, 2, 7, 9.

Karl D.M. & Dobbs F. 1997. Chapter 2. In. Cooksey, K. (ed) Molecular Approaches to the study of the Ocean. Chapman & Hall. 1998

Biovolumes:

Strathmann R. R. (1967) Estimating the organic carbon content of phytoplankton from cell volume or plasma volume. Limnology and Oceanography, 12, 411-418.

Eppley et al. 1970

Booth B. C. (1987) The use of autofluorescence for analyzing oceanic phytoplankton communities. Botanica Marina, 30, 101-108;

Verity P. G., Robertson C. Y., Tronzo C. R., Andrews M. G., Nelson J. R. and Sieracki M. E. (1992) Relationships between cell volume and the carbon and nitrogen content of marine photosynthetic nanoplankton. Limnology and Oceanography, 37, 1434.

GarrisonD. L., Gowing M. M., Hughes M. P., Campbell L., Caron D. A., Dennett M. R., Shalapyonok A., Olson R. J., Landry M. R., Brown S. L., Liu H., Azam F., Steward G. F., Ducklow H. W. and Smith D. C. (2000) Microbial food web structure in the Arabian Sea: A US JGOFS study. Deep-Sea Research II, in press

HPLC and community structure:

Letelier R. M., Bidigare R. R., Hebel D. V., Ondrusek M., Winn C. D. and Karl D. M. (1993) Temporal variability of phytoplankton community structure based on pigment analysis. Limnology and Oceanography, 38, 1420-1437.

Mackey M. D., Mackey D. J., Higgings H. W. and Wright S. W. (1996) CHEMTAX--a program for estimating class abundances from chemical markers: application to HPLC measurements of phytoplankton. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 144, 265-283.

Mackey D. J., Higgins H. W., Mackey M. D. and Holdsworth D. (1998) Algal class abundances in the western equatorial Pacific: estimation from HPLC measurements of chloroplast pigments using CHEMTAX. Deep-Sea Research, Part I, 45, 1441-1468.

Redfield Ratio:

Redfield A. C., Ketchum B. H. and Richards F. A. (1963) The influence of organisms on the composition of sea-water. In: The Sea, Vol. 2, M.N. Hill, editor, Wiley (Interscience), New York, pp. 26-77.

Photosynthesis:

Behrenfield et al. (2004) In search of a physiological basis for covariations in light-limited and light-saturated photosynthesis. J. Phycol. 40(1): 4-25.

Falkowski, P.G. & Raven, J.A. (1997). Aquatic Photosynthesis. Blackwell, Oxford. 375 pp.

Sakshaug, E., Bricaud, A., Dandonneau, Y., Falkowski, P.G., Kiefer, D.A., Legendre, L., Morel, A., Parslow, J. and Takahashi, M. (1997) Parameters of photosynthesis: definitions, theory and interpretation of results. Journal of Plankton Research, 19 (11), 1637-1670. [JGOFS Report No. 27- pdf]

Primary Production:

Bidigare R.R. et al. 1992. Bio-optical models and the problems of scaling. In: Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea. (Falkowski & Woodhead, eds). Plenum Press, New York.

Laws E. A., DiTullio G. R. and Redalje D. G. (1987) High phytoplankton growth and production rates in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Limnology and Oceanography, 32, 905-918.

Laws E. A. (1991) Photosynthetic quotients, new production and net community production in the open ocean. Deep-Sea Research, 38, 143-167.

Redalje D.G. and Laws E. A. (1981) A new method for estimating phytoplankton growth rates and carbon biomass. Marine Biology, 62, 73-79.

Laws E. A., DiTullio G. R., Carder K. L., Betzer P. R. and Hawes S. (1990) Primary production in the deep blue sea. Deep-Sea Research, 37, 715-730

Gieskes W. W. C., Kraay G. W. and Baars M. A. (1979) Current 14C methods for measuring primary production: gross underestimates in oceanic waters. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research, 13, 58-78

Fitzwater S. E., Knauer G. A. and Martin J. H. (1982) Metal contamination and its effect on primary production measurements. Limnology and Oceanography, 27, 544-551

Jackson G. (1993) The importance of the DOC pool for primary production estimates. ICES marine Science Symposium, 197, 141-148.

Williams et al. (2002)

Carbon Cycle

Longhurst A.R. and W.G. Harrison (1989) The biological pump: profiles of plankton production and consumption in the upper ocean. Progress in Oceanography, 22, 47-123.

Nitrogen Cycle

Allen C. B., Kanda J. and Laws E. A. (1996) New production and photosynthetic rates within and outside a cyclonic mesoscale eddy in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Deep-Sea Research, 43, 917-936.

Dugdale R. C. (1967) Nutrient limitation in the sea: dynamics, identification and significance. Limnology and Oceanography, 12, 685-695.

Dugdale R. C. and Goering J. J. (1967) Uptake of new and regenerated forms of nitrogen in primary productivity. Limnology and Oceanography, 12, 196-206

Eppley R. W. and Peterson.BJ (1979) Particulate organic flux and planktonic new production in the deep ocean. Nature, 282, 677-680

Garside C. (1982) A chemiluminescent technique for the determination of nanomolar concentrations of nitrate, nitrate and nitrite, or nitrite alone in seawater. Marine Chemistry, 11, 159-167.

Goldman J. C., McCarthy J. J. and Peavey D. G. (1979) Growth rate influence on the chemical composition of phytoplankton in oceanic waters. Nature, 279, 210-215

Goldman J. C. and McCarthy J. J. (1978) Steady state growth and NH4+ uptake of a fast growing marine diatom. Limnology and Oceanography, 23, 695-703

Goldman J. C. (1980) Physiological processes, nutrient availability, and the concept of relative growth rate in marine phytoplankton ecology. In: Primary Productivity in the Sea, P. G. Falkowski, editor, Plenum, New York, pp. 179-192.

Kudela R. M. and Dugdale R. C. (1996) Estimation of new production from remotely sensed date in a coastal upwelling regime. Advanced Space Research, 18, 91-91;

Laws E. A. and Bannister T. T. (1980) Nutrient- and light-limited growth of Thalassiosira fluviatilis in continuous culture, with implications for phytoplankton growth in the ocean. Limnology and Oceanography, 25, 457-473

Laws E. A., DiTullio G. R. and Redalje D. G. (1987) High phytoplankton growth and production rates in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Limnology and Oceanography, 32, 905-918

McCarthy J. J. and Goldman J. C. (1979) Nitrogenous nutrition of marine phytoplankton in nutrient-depleted waters. Science, 203, 670-672

Iron

Boyd,P. et al. (2000) A Mesoscale phytoplankton bloom in the polar Southern Ocean stimulated by iron fertilization. Nature 407, 695-702 .

Boyd, P. (2002) Environmental factors controlling phytoplankton processes in the Southern Ocean. J. Phycol. 38, 844-861 .

Harmful Algal Blooms

Integrated National Assessment of Harmful Algal Blooms http://www.habhrca.noaa.gov/ Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Act

Anderson, D.M. (Ed.). (1995) ECOHAB, The Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms: A National Research Agenda. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA. 66 pp.

Anderson, D.M., S.B. Galloway, and J.D. Joseph, (1993) Marine Biotoxins and Harmful Algae: A National Plan. WHOI Technical Report-93-02, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass. 44pp

Baden DG, LE Fleming and JA Bean. (1995) Marine Toxins. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. 21(65):141-175.

Boesch, D.F., D.M. Anderson, R.A. Horner, S.E. Shumway, P.A. Tester, and T.E.Whitledge. (1997) Harmful Algal Blooms in Coastal Waters: Options for Prevention, Control, and Mitigation. NOAA Coastal Ocean Program Decision Analysis Series No.10. NOAA Coastal Ocean Office, Silver Spring, MD. 46Pp. + appendix.

Buskey

Carmichael, W.W. (1992) A status report on planktonic cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and their toxins. Washington, D.C., United States Environmental Protection Agency/600/R-92/079 141pp.

Forrester, D.J., J.M. Gaskin, F.H. White, N.P. Thompson, J.A. Quick Jr., G.E. Henderson, J.C. Woodard, and W.D. Robertson. (1977) An epizootic of waterfowl associated with a red tide episode in Florida. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 13:160-167.

Lange WR. Ciguatera toxicity. (1987) AFP. 35(4):177-182.

"National Harmful Algal Bloom Research and Monitoring Strategy: An Initial Focus on Pfiesteria, Fish lesions, Fish Kills and Public Health", November 10, 1997. Prepared by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences. 26pp. + appendix.

Nisbet, I.C.T. (1983) Paralytic shellfish poisoning: Effects on breeding terns. Condor 85:338-345.

Rue E, Bruland K (2001) Domoic acid binds iron and copper: a possible role for the toxin produced by the marine diatom Pseudo-nitzschia. Marine Chemistry 76 (1-2): 127-134

Work, T.M., B. Barr, A.M. Beale, M.A. Quilliam, and J.L.C. Wright. (1993) Epidemiology of domoic acid poisoning in brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) and Brandt's cormorants (Phalacrocorax penicillatus) in California. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 24:54-62.

Hypoxia

Draft. 1999. Integrated National Assessment of Hypoxia http://www.habhrca.noaa.gov/

Bricker, S.B., C.G. Clement, D.E. Pirhalla, S.P. Orlando, D.R.G. Farrow. 1999. National Estuarine Eutrophication Assessment: A Summary of Conditions, Historical Trends, and Future Outlook. Special Projects Office in cooperation with National Centers for Coastal and Ocean Science, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD. ~50 pp. + Appendices A - D.

Cooper, S. R. and G. S. Brush. 1991. Long-term History of Chesapeake Bay Anoxia. Science V. 254:992-996.

Doering, O.C., et al. 1999. Evaluation of Economic Costs and Benefits of Methods for Reducing Nutrient Loads to the Gulf of Mexico. Final Report to CENR Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia Taskforce. 144 pp.

Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. Clean Water Action Plan: Restoring and Protecting America's Waters. USEPA, USDA, US Dept of Commerce, US Dept of Defense, US Dept of Energy, US Department of the Interior, US Dept of Justice, US Dept of Transportation, Tennessee Valley Authority. 89 pp.

Mitsch, W.J., J.W. Day,jr., J.W. Gilliam, P. M. Groffman, D.L. Hey, G.W. Randall, and N. Wang. 1999. Reducing nutrient loads, especially nitrate-nitrogen, to surface water, groundwater, and the Gulf of Mexico. Final Report to CENR Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia Taskforce. 127 pp. + Figures

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 1996. NOAA's Estuarine Eutrophication Survey. Volume 1: South Atlantic Region. Silver Spring, MD. Office of Ocean Resources Conservation Assessment. 50 pp.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 1997a. NOAA's Estuarine Eutrophication Survey. Volume 2: Mid-Atlantic Region. Silver Spring, MD. Office of Ocean Resources Conservation Assessment. 51 pp.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 1997b. NOAA's Estuarine Eutrophication Survey. Volume 3: North Atlantic Region. Silver Spring, MD. Office of Ocean Resources Conservation Assessment. 46 pp.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 1997c. NOAA's Estuarine Eutrophication Survey. Volume 4: Gulf of Mexico Region. Silver Spring, MD. Office of Ocean Resources Conservation Assessment. 77 pp.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 1998. NOAA's Estuarine Eutrophication Survey. Volume 5: Pacific Coast Region. Silver Spring, MD. Office of Ocean Resources Conservation Assessment. 75 pp.

Rabalais, N.N. 1992. An updated Summary of Status and Trends in Indicators of Nutrient Enrichment in the Gulf of Mexico. prepared for Gulf of Mexico Program, Technical Steering Committee, Nutrient Enrichment Subcommittee, Stennis Space Center, MS under EPA contract No. 68-C8-0105.421 pp.

Smith, R.A., G.E. Schwarz, R.B. Alexander. 1997. Regional interpretation of water-quality monitoring data. Water Resources Research Vol. 33(12): 2781-2798.

Turner, R.K., W.N. Adger, and I. Lorenzoni. 1998. Towards Integrated Modelling and Analysis in Coastal Zones: Principles and Practices, Land Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ) Reports & Studies No. 11, iv + 122 pp.

Welsh, B.L. et al. (1994) Quantifying Hypoxia in Long Island Sound. In Changes in Fluxes in Estuaries: Implications form Science to Management. Editied by K.R. Dyer and R.J. Orth. ECSA22/ERF Symposium, Institute of Marine Studies, University of Plymouth. Olsen and Olsen, Fredensborg.

Whitledge, T.E. 1995. Executive Summary of the National Wide Review of Oxygen Depletion and Eutrophication in Estuarine and Coastal Waters. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Services, Rockville, MD. Contract No. DE-ACO2-76CH00016 with the US Department of Energy. 28 pp.

Remote Sensing

Abbott & Letelier. MODIS ALGORITHM. [pdf]

Kudela, R.M. and R.C. Dugdale (1996) Estimation of new production from remotely sensed date in a coastal upwelling regime. Advanced Space Research 18: 91-91.

Platt, T. and S. Sathyendranath (1988) Oceanic primary production: estimation by remote sensing at local and regional scales. Science 241: 1613-1620.

Watts,LJ; Sathyendranath,S; Caverhill,C; Maass,H; Platt,T; Owens,NJP (1999): Modelling new production in the northwest Indian Ocean region. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 183, 1-12

Biotechnology, microalgae, and economics:

Lembi, C.A., Waaland, J.R. (editors). 1990. Algae and Human Affairs. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 590 pp.

Lab 1

Phytoplankton Lists: Taxonomic References

Lab 2

Margalef, R (1978) 8.3 Diversity. In: Phytoplankton Manual. Sournia, A. (ed), UNESCO.

7.1.2 Venrick How many cells to count?

7.2 Guillard, RRL Counting Slides

4. Throndsen Perservation and Storage

Lab 3

Guillard, RRL (1973) Ch. 19 Division Rates. In: Handbook of Phycological Methods (Stein, ed.).

Hasle, G.R. (1978) 4. Using the inverted microscope. In: Phytoplankton Manual. Sournia, A. (ed), UNESCO.

Lab 4

Flow Cytometry Lab Manual (2004), based on:

Campbell L (2001) Flow cytometric analysis of autotrophic picoplankton 
METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 30: 317-343

Lab 5

Lab5data.xls

Sakshaug et al. 1997. JGOFS Report No. 27 [pdf]

Bidigare R.R. et al. 1992. Bio-optical models and the problems of scaling. In: Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea. (Falkowski & Woodhead, eds). Plenum Press, New York.

Frenette, J.-J., S. Demers, L. Legendre, and J. Dodson (1993) Lack of agreement among models for estimating the photosynthetic parameters. L&O 38(3): 679-687
Jassby, A.D. and T. Platt (1976) Mathematical formulation of the relationship between photosynthesis and light for phytoplankton. Limnology and Oceanography 21: 540-547
Platt,T and A.D. Jassby (1976) The relationship between photosynthesis and light for natural asemblages of coastal marine phytoplankton. J. Phycol. 12: 421-430. Platt,T., C.L. Gallegos (1980) Modeling primary production. In: Primary Productivity in the Sea. (Ed: Falkowski,PG) Plenum Press, New York, 339-362.

Lab 6

MILLIE DF et al. (1993) MICROALGAlLPIGMENT ASSESSMENTS USING HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY - A SYNOPSIS OF ORGANISMAL AND ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES 50 : 2513-2527

Bidigare et al. 2005

LLewellyn et al. 2005

Wysocki et al. 2006

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